How to choose lubricating oil for different equipment
According to the purpose, equipment lubricating oil can be divided into ordinary industrial lubricating oil, special oil, and special oil.
Ordinary industrial lubricating oil is used for machinery with no special requirements, low operating temperature and load, and relatively mild working conditions.
Such as machine tool transmission machinery, textile machinery, construction road, lifting, transportation, metallurgy, mining machinery, and other industrial sector equipment.
Ordinary industrial lubricating oil usually does not contain additives, and there are no special requirements for ordinary industrial lubricating oil except for lubricating ability, while lubricating ability mainly depends on viscosity and anti-aging performance, which is related to raw material quality and manufacturing process.
Special lubricating oil is used to lubricate individual components (certain parts, machinery, and tools). Special lubricating oil is used to lubricate industrial machinery, metal processing machine tools, and other specialized equipment.
Such as high-speed machinery (grinding machine spindle and bearings), industrial equipment hydraulic systems, gear transmission devices, metal cutting machine guide rails, steel rolling machines, as well as steam turbines, compressors, etc.
In addition, there are also electrical insulation oil, cylinder oil, vacuum oil, and drilling oil (including pneumatic drilling machines). Below, editor Cheng Cheng will take you to understand several requirements for lubricating oil in industrial equipment.
High speed machinery oils, such as high-speed machine tool spindles with rolling and sliding bearings, require lower oil viscosity as the spindle speed increases. When the load is low, high-speed spindles may experience boundary friction due to hydrodynamic lubrication.
At this point, in order to reduce friction and wear, surface active agent type friction reducing agents and anti-wear additives can be used. Do not use chemically active additives as they may increase corrosive wear.
1. Hydraulic oil: Hydraulic oil used in industry can be divided into five groups
(1) Mineral oil without additives has properties similar to ordinary industrial lubricants. If using lubricating oil from hydraulic jacks.
(2) Lubricating oil containing both corrosion resistance and antioxidants. This oil also contains anti foaming agents and has a wide range of applications, but is limited to hydraulic transmission. The anti wear performance requirements are not high.
(3) Hydraulic oils containing corrosion resistant, oxygen resistant, and abrasive additives are widely used in industrial equipment hydraulic systems.
(4) Hydraulic oil pastes with excellent viscosity and temperature performance not only contain the same additives as the previous group of oils, but also add viscosity enhancers for use in programmable precision machine tool hydraulic systems.
(5) The lubricating oil used for hydraulic systems and machine guide rails has a composition similar to the third group, and friction additives that can stabilize friction performance are added.
Hydraulic systems used for automatic production lines of metal cutting machine tools and other high-pressure equipment, can also be used as universal oil for hydraulic systems and guide rails.
The important performance requirements of hydraulic oil Zui are: good lubrication ability and viscosity temperature characteristics, compatibility with sealing materials, high thermal conductivity and low density, oxygen resistance, low evaporation, corrosion resistance, emulsification resistance, and foam resistance.
2. Gear transmission oil
Gear transmission used in industry can be divided into two types: gear and gear spiral.
The former is a helical and conical gear transmission, where the pitch circles of the conjugate gear pair roll against each other without sliding during rotation, and their contact endpoints do not generate rolling friction.
There are worm, spiral bevel gear, and hyperbolic gear transmissions that belong to gear spiral transmission.
The pitch circles of these transmission teeth not only roll against each other, but also roll against each other, resulting in complex spiral industrial gears. The working conditions vary greatly, and various lubricating oils with or without additives are used, with viscosity ranging from 12mm2/S (50oC) to 52mm2/S (100oC).
Spiral bevel gears and hyperbolic gear transmissions require the use of lubricating oil containing anti scratch agents.
For worm gear and worm gear, high viscosity lubricating oil containing anti friction agents is mainly used; Cylindrical and bevel gear transmissions use lubricating oil with or without anti-wear agents based on the load and the sliding speed of the teeth.
When the unit load is roughly below the following limit values, it is allowed to use lubricating oil with additives: quenched hard gears - below 8108N/m2; Unquenched gears - below 108N/m2.
When the unit load is high, lubricating oil containing anti-wear agents should be used. Higher load components require the use of enhanced wear and oxygen resistance.
For specific gear oil transmission, the decisive factors in selecting the interaction between base oil additives are the load on the contact area, the speed of movement, and the temperature.
The latter (contact temperature) determines the possibility and conditions of interaction between various additives.
Under the temperature conditions of the fuel tank, additives should not interact with the working surface of the gears (without corrosion), but must react at the contact temperature. Worm gear transmission oil should have high anti friction performance, which can be improved by adding plant and animal oil fatty acids to the oil.
3. Metal cutting machine tools
Metal cutting machine tool guide rail oil, brake and clutch oil prevent crawling during low-speed movement of supports, workbenches, crossbeams, certain types of punch clutches, and other devices. They can also be used as hydraulic transmission oil or gear transmission oil.
4. Turbine oil
The main function of turbine oil is to lubricate and cool the bearings of various turbine units (steam, hydraulic and gas turbines, turbine pumps, turbine compressors, turbine exhaust fans, generators).
It should be ensured that it can be used for a long time. The common main performance requirements for various turbine oils are good oxidation stability, anti emulsification ability, protection, and low foaming at temperatures of 60-100oC and higher, as well as a low flash point drop of no more than 10oC. The oil should remain transparent and free of water and sediment, and the water extract should be neutral. If the changes in the physicochemical indicators exceed the allowable range, it is necessary to replace them with new oil or undergo regeneration.
6. Compressor oil is used to lubricate compressor parts (cars, valves) and as a sealing medium for the compression chamber
The oil in the compressor cylinder should form a stable oil film and seal the gaps between the friction surfaces (cylinder piston rings), while also having sufficient fluidity to prevent dry friction and excessive gas leakage.
In addition, it is not necessary to have good thermal and chemical stability. Compressor oil can be divided into two categories: piston and rotary compressor oil, and refrigeration compressor oil.
Pistons and rotary compressor oils are used at higher temperatures. For most compressors, the temperature of air or gas after each stage of compression usually exceeds 170-180oC, but there are also piston compressors with higher heat intensity whose outlet temperature exceeds 220oC.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the compressor, extend the oil change period, keep the air pressure system clean, reduce friction and transmission energy consumption, piston and rotary compressor oil should have good thermal stability, prevent the formation of carbon deposits, and also have good corrosion resistance, anti emulsification and anti foaming properties.
Ordinary industrial lubricating oil is used for machinery with no special requirements, low operating temperature and load, and relatively mild working conditions.
Such as machine tool transmission machinery, textile machinery, construction road, lifting, transportation, metallurgy, mining machinery, and other industrial sector equipment.
Ordinary industrial lubricating oil usually does not contain additives, and there are no special requirements for ordinary industrial lubricating oil except for lubricating ability, while lubricating ability mainly depends on viscosity and anti-aging performance, which is related to raw material quality and manufacturing process.
Special lubricating oil is used to lubricate individual components (certain parts, machinery, and tools). Special lubricating oil is used to lubricate industrial machinery, metal processing machine tools, and other specialized equipment.
Such as high-speed machinery (grinding machine spindle and bearings), industrial equipment hydraulic systems, gear transmission devices, metal cutting machine guide rails, steel rolling machines, as well as steam turbines, compressors, etc.
In addition, there are also electrical insulation oil, cylinder oil, vacuum oil, and drilling oil (including pneumatic drilling machines). Below, editor Cheng Cheng will take you to understand several requirements for lubricating oil in industrial equipment.
High speed machinery oils, such as high-speed machine tool spindles with rolling and sliding bearings, require lower oil viscosity as the spindle speed increases. When the load is low, high-speed spindles may experience boundary friction due to hydrodynamic lubrication.
At this point, in order to reduce friction and wear, surface active agent type friction reducing agents and anti-wear additives can be used. Do not use chemically active additives as they may increase corrosive wear.
1. Hydraulic oil: Hydraulic oil used in industry can be divided into five groups
(1) Mineral oil without additives has properties similar to ordinary industrial lubricants. If using lubricating oil from hydraulic jacks.
(2) Lubricating oil containing both corrosion resistance and antioxidants. This oil also contains anti foaming agents and has a wide range of applications, but is limited to hydraulic transmission. The anti wear performance requirements are not high.
(3) Hydraulic oils containing corrosion resistant, oxygen resistant, and abrasive additives are widely used in industrial equipment hydraulic systems.
(4) Hydraulic oil pastes with excellent viscosity and temperature performance not only contain the same additives as the previous group of oils, but also add viscosity enhancers for use in programmable precision machine tool hydraulic systems.
(5) The lubricating oil used for hydraulic systems and machine guide rails has a composition similar to the third group, and friction additives that can stabilize friction performance are added.
Hydraulic systems used for automatic production lines of metal cutting machine tools and other high-pressure equipment, can also be used as universal oil for hydraulic systems and guide rails.
The important performance requirements of hydraulic oil Zui are: good lubrication ability and viscosity temperature characteristics, compatibility with sealing materials, high thermal conductivity and low density, oxygen resistance, low evaporation, corrosion resistance, emulsification resistance, and foam resistance.
2. Gear transmission oil
Gear transmission used in industry can be divided into two types: gear and gear spiral.
The former is a helical and conical gear transmission, where the pitch circles of the conjugate gear pair roll against each other without sliding during rotation, and their contact endpoints do not generate rolling friction.
There are worm, spiral bevel gear, and hyperbolic gear transmissions that belong to gear spiral transmission.
The pitch circles of these transmission teeth not only roll against each other, but also roll against each other, resulting in complex spiral industrial gears. The working conditions vary greatly, and various lubricating oils with or without additives are used, with viscosity ranging from 12mm2/S (50oC) to 52mm2/S (100oC).
Spiral bevel gears and hyperbolic gear transmissions require the use of lubricating oil containing anti scratch agents.
For worm gear and worm gear, high viscosity lubricating oil containing anti friction agents is mainly used; Cylindrical and bevel gear transmissions use lubricating oil with or without anti-wear agents ba
When the unit load is roughly below the following limit values, it is allowed to use lubricating oil with additives: quenched hard gears - below 8108N/m2; Unquenched gears - below 108N/m2.
When the unit load is high, lubricating oil containing anti-wear agents should be used. Higher load components require the use of enhanced wear and oxygen resistance.
For specific gear oil transmission, the decisive factors in selecting the interaction between ba
The latter (contact temperature) determines the possibility and conditions of interaction between various additives.
Under the temperature conditions of the fuel tank, additives should not interact with the working surface of the gears (without corrosion), but must react at the contact temperature. Worm gear transmission oil should have high anti friction performance, which can be improved by adding plant and animal oil fatty acids to the oil.
3. Metal cutting machine tools
Metal cutting machine tool guide rail oil, brake and clutch oil prevent crawling during low-speed movement of supports, workbenches, crossbeams, certain types of punch clutches, and other devices. They can also be used as hydraulic transmission oil or gear transmission oil.
4. Turbine oil
The main function of turbine oil is to lubricate and cool the bearings of various turbine units (steam, hydraulic and gas turbines, turbine pumps, turbine compressors, turbine exhaust fans, generators).
It should be ensured that it can be used for a long time. The common main performance requirements for various turbine oils are good oxidation stability, anti emulsification ability, protection, and low foaming at temperatures of 60-100oC and higher, as well as a low flash point drop of no more than 10oC. The oil should remain transparent and free of water and sediment, and the water extract should be neutral. If the changes in the physicochemical indicators exceed the allowable range, it is necessary to replace them with new oil or undergo regeneration.
6. Compressor oil is used to lubricate compressor parts (cars, valves) and as a sealing medium for the compression chamber
The oil in the compressor cylinder should form a stable oil film and seal the gaps between the friction surfaces (cylinder piston rings), while also having sufficient fluidity to prevent dry friction and excessive gas leakage.
In addition, it is not necessary to have good thermal and chemical stability. Compressor oil can be divided into two categories: piston and rotary compressor oil, and refrigeration compressor oil.
Pistons and rotary compressor oils are used at higher temperatures. For most compressors, the temperature of air or gas after each stage of compression usually exceeds 170-180oC, but there are also piston compressors with higher heat intensity whose outlet temperature exceeds 220oC.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the compressor, extend the oil change period, keep the air pressure system clean, reduce friction and transmission energy consumption, piston and rotary compressor oil should have good thermal stability, prevent the formation of carbon deposits, and also have good corrosion resistance, anti emulsification and anti foaming properties.
